How To Install a Sound Card on a Computer

Soundcards are simply that piece of computer hardware that specifically deals with audio data. Some computer motherboards have this component built-in while some don't. But all of them have at least one slot to accommodate a separately bought soundcard. The basic function of a soundcard is to control audio signals coming into and going out of the computer. They handle the audio playback of music, videos and games and are instrumental in performing recording and editing functions for audio software.

1. Be familiar with a soundcard's basic features. All soundcards have a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), which enables them to transform audio data from an external source (usually analog) into a digital format malleable to computer programs and possibly output it again in analog. DACs are responsible for reproducing the audio data as accurately as possible. The higher its capacity, measured in bits, the higher the quality of audio reproduced. DACs can also have multiple channels, and this usually affects how many audio-processing functions it can perform simultaneously. A full duplex soundcard for example can record and playback at the same time. Advanced soundcards may also have their own memory chips and this feature helps unburden a computer's CPU from the load of handling audio data.

   A soundcard usually has three basic connections, one for signal output - going to speakers, headphones, amplifiers, etc., and two for signal input from external sources - one for microphone level and another for line level signals. These connections usually only require common TRS cables. Again, advanced types can have more connections such as outputs for surround sound, or Firewire connectors, which handle purely digital data. High-end professional soundcards used for computer-based audio recording usually have breakout boxes that facilitate their numerous connections and these can include MIDI and XLR jacks.

   Finally, soundcards, just like any hardware, come with their own drivers. Some usually have their own CD installers that contain audio programs specific to the soundcard allowing users to tweak its features.

2. Maker sure the soundcard is compatible with the rest of your system. Old soundcards used to be made in the form of ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) but this technology has been phased out and current motherboards and therefore soundcards as well are now manufactured in PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) standards. PCI's however have gone through several revisions so it would be prudent to know which specific type of PCI your motherboard and intended soundcard have, and see if they match.

   Other considerations for compatibility usually include the operating system and CPU capacity. Old versions of Windows for example may not be able to support the drivers of current soundcards. A CPU can also be too slow to accommodate a powerful and advanced soundcard. In any case, it's always a good idea to first research a soundcard's specifications on the Internet. Manufacturers will usually indicate which types of systems go well with their product.
3. Install the soundcard. Once you've covered the technical details of your soundcard and you're pretty sure it's exactly what you need and will fit into your current system, installing it will be easy enough. You will of course need to power down the PC and open its side panel.

   Next locate the PCI slot and slip in the soundcard. The slot has a specific shape so you'll know there's only one way to plug the card in. Don't force or jam it in or you'll risk damaging the card. The external connections of the soundcard should also face and extend out the casing's back plate. Most motherboards have clips on their PCI slots and the back plate usually has some holes for screws, all of which are needed to hold the soundcard securely in place. With the soundcard physically in place, you can close the side panel and plug the speakers into the soundcard - the lime green colored connection. Start up the PC and place the card's CD installer into the CD ROM drive. Simply follow the step-by-step instructions that will appear on screen. Test the soundcard by playing a few music files. If everything seems to be working, you can continue testing by plugging in other devices such as a microphone. After installation you can also further test the new hardware's integration into your system by running Direct X diagnostics.

Although the built-in audio capabilities of most motherboards are enough for typical computer audio needs, some people may require a third-party soundcard to expand or enhance their computer's audio. Some cards for example are specifically made for gaming while others are completely geared toward audio production work and are even integrated to a specific digital audio editing application such those manufactured by ProTools.